Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) is a vital coenzyme present in all living cells, playing a crucial role in metabolic processes, DNA repair, and cellular energy production. As individuals age, NAD⁺ levels naturally decline, which has been associated with various age-related diseases and diminished cellular function.
To counteract this decline, NAD⁺ therapy—through supplementation with NAD⁺ precursors like nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR)—has been explored for its potential to restore intracellular NAD⁺ concentrations. Animal studies have demonstrated that such supplementation can enhance lifespan, improve cardiovascular function, and bolster muscle regeneration.
In human clinical research, NAD⁺ therapy has shown promise in addressing metabolic and age-related disorders. Supplementation with NAD⁺ precursors has been linked to increased insulin sensitivity, enhanced mitochondrial function, and reduced inflammation, suggesting potential benefits for conditions like type 2 diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, elevating NAD⁺ levels may improve cognitive function and protect against neuronal damage, highlighting its potential in supporting brain health and resilience.
Despite these promising findings, the efficacy and safety of NAD⁺ therapy in humans require further investigation. While animal studies have provided valuable insights, comprehensive human clinical trials are necessary to establish optimal dosing regimens, long-term safety, and the full spectrum of therapeutic benefits. The variability in individual responses to NAD⁺ supplementation also underscores the importance of personalized approaches in its application. As research advances, NAD⁺ therapy may become a valuable component in the management of aging and related health conditions, but current evidence calls for cautious optimism until more definitive human data are available.
